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Bertel Thorvaldsen
(Karl Albert) Bertel Thorvaldsen ((:ˌbɛɐ̯dl̩ ˈtɔɐ̯vælˀsn̩); ca. 1770 – 24 March 1844) was a Danish sculptor of international fame, who spent most of his life (1789–1838) in Italy. Thorvaldsen was born in Copenhagen into a Danish/Icelandic family of humble means, and was accepted to the Royal Danish Academy of Art when he was eleven years old. Working part-time with his father, who was a wood carver, Thorvaldsen won many honors and medals at the academy. He was awarded a stipend to travel to Rome and continue his education.
In Rome, Thorvaldsen quickly made a name for himself as a sculptor. Maintaining a large workshop in the city, he worked in a heroic neo-classicist style. His patrons resided all over Europe.〔Alexander Sturgis. 2006. ''Rebels and Martyrs: The Image of the Artist in the Nineteenth Century'', London: National Gallery (Great Britain), p. 52〕
Upon his return to Denmark in 1838, Thorvaldsen was received as a national hero. The Thorvaldsen Museum was erected to house his works next to Christiansborg Palace. Thorvaldsen is buried within the courtyard of the museum. In his time, he was seen as the successor of master sculptor Antonio Canova. His strict adherence to classical norms has tended to estrange modern audiences. Among his more famous works are the statues of Nicolaus Copernicus and Józef Poniatowski in Warsaw; the statue of Maximilian I in Munich; and the tomb monument of Pope Pius VII, the only work by a non-Italian in St. Peter's Basilica.
==Biography==
Thorvaldsen was born in Copenhagen in 1770 (according to some accounts, in 1768), the son of Gottskálk Þorvaldsson, an Icelander who had settled in Denmark. His father was a wood-carver at a ship yard. Thorvaldsen made decorative carvings for large ships and was the early source of influence on his son Bertel's development as a sculptor and on his choice of career. Thorvaldsen's mother was Karen Grønlund, a Jutlandic peasant girl. His birth certificate and baptismal records have never been found, and the only record is of his confirmation in 1787.〔Just Mathias Thiele, Bertel Thorvaldsen, Mordaunt Roger Barnard. 1865. ''The Life of Thorvaldsen''. Chapman and Hall pp. 1-2〕 Thorvaldsen had claimed descent from Snorri Thorfinnsson, the first European born in America.〔Paul Henri Mallet, Thomas Percy, I. A. Blackwell, Sir Walter Scott, ( ''Northern Antiquities'' ), Harvard University Press〕
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